It keeps northern Europe about nine to eighteen degrees warmer in the winter than comparable latitudes elsewhere—except when it fails. Now we know—and from an entirely different group of scientists exploring separate lines of reasoning and data—that the most catastrophic result of global warming could be an abrupt cooling. One of the most shocking scientific realizations of all time has slowly been dawning on us: the earth's climate does great flip-flops every few thousand years, and with breathtaking speed. There used to be a tropical shortcut, an express route from Atlantic to Pacific, but continental drift connected North America to South America about three million years ago, damming up the easy route for disposing of excess salt. Its snout ran into the opposite side, blocking the fjord with an ice dam. This was posited in 1797 by the Anglo-American physicist Sir Benjamin Thompson (later known, after he moved to Bavaria, as Count Rumford of the Holy Roman Empire), who also posited that, if merely to compensate, there would have to be a warmer northbound current as well.
That increased quantities of greenhouse gases will lead to global warming is as solid a scientific prediction as can be found, but other things influence climate too, and some people try to escape confronting the consequences of our pumping more and more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere by supposing that something will come along miraculously to counteract them. Even the tropics cool down by about nine degrees during an abrupt cooling, and it is hard to imagine what in the past could have disturbed the whole earth's climate on this scale. Scientists have known for some time that the previous warm period started 130, 000 years ago and ended 117, 000 years ago, with the return of cold temperatures that led to an ice age. A brief, large flood of fresh water might nudge us toward an abrupt cooling even if the dilution were insignificant when averaged over time. We are in a warm period now. These carry the North Atlantic's excess salt southward from the bottom of the Atlantic, around the tip of Africa, through the Indian Ocean, and up around the Pacific Ocean. In 1970 it arrived in the Labrador Sea, where it prevented the usual salt sinking. But the ice ages aren't what they used to be. We may not have centuries to spare, but any economy in which two percent of the population produces all the food, as is the case in the United States today, has lots of resources and many options for reordering priorities. This would be a worldwide problem—and could lead to a Third World War—but Europe's vulnerability is particularly easy to analyze. Once the dam is breached, the rushing waters erode an ever wider and deeper path. Broecker has written, "If you wanted to cool the planet by 5°C [9°F] and could magically alter the water-vapor content of the atmosphere, a 30 percent decrease would do the job.
When this happens, something big, with worldwide connections, must be switching into a new mode of operation. Of particular importance are combinations of climate variations—this winter, for example, we are experiencing both an El Niño and a North Atlantic Oscillation—because such combinations can add up to much more than the sum of their parts. We might, for example, anchor bargeloads of evaporation-enhancing surfactants (used in the southwest corner of the Dead Sea to speed potash production) upwind from critical downwelling sites, letting winds spread them over the ocean surface all winter, just to ensure later flushing. Alas, further warming might well kick us out of the "high state. " Twice a year they sink, carrying their load of atmospheric gases downward. Indeed, we've had an unprecedented period of climate stability. But the regional record is poorly understood, and I know at least one reason why. A meteor strike that killed most of the population in a month would not be as serious as an abrupt cooling that eventually killed just as many. We might undertake to regulate the Mediterranean's salty outflow, which is also thought to disrupt the North Atlantic Current. Abortive responses and rapid chattering between modes are common problems in nonlinear systems with not quite enough oomph—the reason that old fluorescent lights flicker. Because such a cooling would occur too quickly for us to make readjustments in agricultural productivity and supply, it would be a potentially civilization-shattering affair, likely to cause an unprecedented population crash. Timing could be everything, given the delayed effects from inch-per-second circulation patterns, but that, too, potentially has a low-tech solution: build dams across the major fjord systems and hold back the meltwater at critical times. Like bus routes or conveyor belts, ocean currents must have a return loop. It would be especially nice to see another dozen major groups of scientists doing climate simulations, discovering the intervention mistakes as quickly as possible and learning from them.
Door latches suddenly give way. For Europe to be as agriculturally productive as it is (it supports more than twice the population of the United States and Canada), all those cold, dry winds that blow eastward across the North Atlantic from Canada must somehow be warmed up. In an abrupt cooling the problem would get worse for decades, and much of the earth would be affected. In the first few years the climate could cool as much as it did during the misnamed Little Ice Age (a gradual cooling that lasted from the early Renaissance until the end of the nineteenth century), with tenfold greater changes over the next decade or two. In almost four decades of subsequent research Henry Stommel's theory has only been enhanced, not seriously challenged. Because water vapor is the most powerful greenhouse gas, this decrease in average humidity would cool things globally. Nothing like this happens in the Pacific Ocean, but the Pacific is nonetheless affected, because the sink in the Nordic Seas is part of a vast worldwide salt-conveyor belt. Europe is an anomaly. In the Greenland Sea over the 1980s salt sinking declined by 80 percent. The return to ice-age temperatures lasted 1, 300 years. Oslo is nearly at 60°N, as are Stockholm, Helsinki, and St. Petersburg; continue due east and you'll encounter Anchorage. Water is densest at about 39°F (a typical refrigerator setting—anything that you take out of the refrigerator, whether you place it on the kitchen counter or move it to the freezer, is going to expand a little). Ancient lakes near the Pacific coast of the United States, it turned out, show a shift to cold-weather plant species at roughly the time when the Younger Dryas was changing German pine forests into scrublands like those of modern Siberia. There is, increasingly, international cooperation in response to catastrophe—but no country is going to be able to rely on a stored agricultural surplus for even a year, and any country will be reluctant to give away part of its surplus.
Futurists have learned to bracket the future with alternative scenarios, each of which captures important features that cluster together, each of which is compact enough to be seen as a narrative on a human scale. Another sat on Hudson's Bay, and reached as far west as the foothills of the Rocky Mountains—where it pushed, head to head, against ice coming down from the Rockies. The modern world is full of objects and systems that exhibit "bistable" modes, with thresholds for flipping. The last time an abrupt cooling occurred was in the midst of global warming. But sometimes a glacial surge will act like an avalanche that blocks a road, as happened when Alaska's Hubbard glacier surged into the Russell fjord in May of 1986.
Were fjord floods causing flushing to fail, because the downwelling sites were fairly close to the fjords, it is obvious that we could solve the problem. Thus the entire lake can empty quickly. Medieval cathedral builders learned from their design mistakes over the centuries, and their undertakings were a far larger drain on the economic resources and people power of their day than anything yet discussed for stabilizing the climate in the twenty-first century. Further investigation might lead to revisions in such mechanistic explanations, but the result of adding fresh water to the ocean surface is pretty standard physics. The Mediterranean waters flowing out of the bottom of the Strait of Gibraltar into the Atlantic Ocean are about 10 percent saltier than the ocean's average, and so they sink into the depths of the Atlantic. The Atlantic would be even saltier if it didn't mix with the Pacific, in long, loopy currents. It has been called the Nordic Seas heat pump. By 250, 000 years ago Homo erectushad died out, after a run of almost two million years. Within the ice sheets of Greenland are annual layers that provide a record of the gases present in the atmosphere and indicate the changes in air temperature over the past 250, 000 years—the period of the last two major ice ages. But our current warm-up, which started about 15, 000 years ago, began abruptly, with the temperature rising sharply while most of the ice was still present. Though some abrupt coolings are likely to have been associated with events in the Canadian ice sheet, the abrupt cooling in the previous warm period, 122, 000 years ago, which has now been detected even in the tropics, shows that flips are not restricted to icy periods; they can also interrupt warm periods like the present one. N. London and Paris are close to the 49°N line that, west of the Great Lakes, separates the United States from Canada.
Although I don't consider this scenario to be the most likely one, it is possible that solutions could turn out to be cheap and easy, and that another abrupt cooling isn't inevitable. Increasing amounts of sea ice and clouds could reflect more sunlight back into space, but the geochemist Wallace Broecker suggests that a major greenhouse gas is disturbed by the failure of the salt conveyor, and that this affects the amount of heat retained. Whereas the familiar consequences of global warming will force expensive but gradual adjustments, the abrupt cooling promoted by man-made warming looks like a particularly efficient means of committing mass suicide. Greenland looks like that, even on a cloudless day—but the great white mass between the occasional punctuations is an ice sheet. Like a half-beaten cake mix, with strands of egg still visible, the ocean has a lot of blobs and streams within it. An abrupt cooling got started 8, 200 years ago, but it aborted within a century, and the temperature changes since then have been gradual in comparison. Surprisingly, it may prove possible to prevent flip-flops in the climate—even by means of low-tech schemes. Pollen cores are still a primary means of seeing what regional climates were doing, even though they suffer from poorer resolution than ice cores (worms churn the sediment, obscuring records of all but the longest-lasting temperature changes).
Water falling as snow on Greenland carries an isotopic "fingerprint" of what the temperature was like en route. All we would need to do is open a channel through the ice dam with explosives before dangerous levels of water built up. There are a few obvious precursors to flushing failure. To stabilize our flip-flopping climate we'll need to identify all the important feedbacks that control climate and ocean currents—evaporation, the reflection of sunlight back into space, and so on—and then estimate their relative strengths and interactions in computer models. We might create a rain shadow, seeding clouds so that they dropped their unsalted water well upwind of a given year's critical flushing sites—a strategy that might be particularly important in view of the increased rainfall expected from global warming.
Stokes, who stars as John B in the Netflix teen adventure series Outer Banks, is currently in Charleston, South Carolina filming the third season of the show, which officially began production on February 28. Despite appearing in only 14 episodes during that first season, he went on to become one of the most recognized figures in the franchise appearing in 10 series and four movies. The above post is embeded directly from the user's social media account and LatestLY Staff may not have modified or edited the content body. Buckle up and get ready to hear it all on the first episode of BANTER. From the tragedy of the death to the tragedy of there being a video of it online. When was keke palmer born. Real Husbands of Hollywood. The Illinois-born actress's parents, Sharon and Larry Palmer, both worked as professional actors, and young Keke said she grew up watching theatre and welcomes the discipline it will give her. Youtuber Slick Goku Death And Obituary. As per Go Fund Me page, Slick Goku's funeral ceremony will be tentatively organized on January 28, 2023. This Feb. 1, 2013 file photo shows Keke Palmer at the 44th Annual NAACP Image Awards at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. Star (2016 TV series). The latter was close friends with the rapper Tupac Shakur.
She will become the first African-American to play the part on the Great White Way. Tributes poured in on social media following his death. Slick Goku had 266 K subscribers on his Youtube [email protected] Goku2GS has over 43. Guy made her acting debut in Spike Lee's 1988 musical drama School Daze. Just sad that another rapper, son, brother, and friend has been killed. And for all the people reviewing this writing annoying things like "based on a true story where?? Keke palmer being mortal. " Mexican singer, actress, politician, theatre entrepreneur and author. Anticipated obituaries Keke Palmer anticipated obituary ("anticipated" means that she is not dead). Born||26 August 1993 in Harvey|. Guy made her television acting debut in seven non-speaking episodes of the drama Fame, directed by Debbie Allen, in 1982. American guitarist, founding member of Lynyrd Skynyrd. Carter started his singing career at only 9-years-old and rose to fame in the late 90s. Is Keke Palmer Living or Dead? Jasmine Guy Death Hoax.
Sometimes they're African-American, sometimes they're Latino, sometimes Asian-American, " Goodman said. Tweeter A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Keke Palmer 1993 - 2023 Keke Palmer is dead Keke Palmer, born on August 26, 1993 in Harvey, was an American actress, singer, songwriter, dancer and fashion designer. Police found no drugs at his home and the musician eventually admitted that he'd simply been playing a joke on his fans with a can of air freshener, noting: "I'm tired of people coming after me so I trolled everybody. Her hair color is black hair. The views and facts appearing in the social media post do not reflect the opinions of LatestLY, also LatestLY does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same. Guy appeared in every episode while also writing three and directing one. At this time, no statement has been released by Frank's family on his death. Youtuber Slick Goku Death And Obituary: How Did He Die. Emmy Award Nominees. More Cinemorgue Wiki. The Disney star took to her Twitter account to let her fans know that she was alive and went off on how upset she was that someone would play around with a matter as serious as death and worse, wished it upon her. Celebrity Obit Rating: 4 Stars. Her albums include the 2007 CD "So Uncool" and a self-titled 2012 EP. Contact the NAMI HelpLine (Opens in a new tab) at 1-800-950-NAMI, Monday through Friday from 10:00 a. m. – 8:00 p. ET, or email [email protected]. In the series, Stokes and Cline's characters are also romantically involved.
Professionally, Keke was a TV-Personality who was best known for many roles and her great dedication to her work. The news of Frank's passing was confirmed by his talent rep via Instagram(Opens in a new tab). American Horror Story (2011 series). KeKe Palmer the Newest Victim of Death Hoax. Eren Jaeger Meets Optimus Prime [SFM] is the title of his most recent YouTube video, which Reggie uploaded on January 18, 2023. Apparently his wife frantically ran into an LAPD station and said he left home without his car, which was not like him at all. Degrassi: The Next Generation.
Do you think she overreacted or had Twiter finally gone overboard? "Theater offers so much more than I haven't been able to access doing film and TV and everything like that, " she said. How Did Reggie Groover Die? "Please respect the privacy of his family and friends during this horrible time as we come to terms with the loss of such a wonderful human being, " a rep told TMZ. On April 15, Stokes uploaded a photo of himself and his younger sister, model Rylie Walker, to his Instagram Story with the caption: "Surprised me (: Luv u @ryliewalk. The 28-year-old, whose real name is Kirshnik Khari Ball, was killed in Houston, Texas, early Tuesday morning, authorities confirmed. TMZ was first to report Carter's shocking death. Fellow Rangers Walter E. Did keke palmer pass away show. Jones and Blake Foster, both shared their condolences on Frank's passing. Genre||pop music, contemporary R&B and hip hop music|. Netflix original series. Subscribe to Living or Dead news!!! Check out below to see who died recently.
Some viewers clipped out moments from the stream and shared them online, such as a moment where two of her sims got into a big fight, leaving one a bit embarrassed and trying to play it cool after getting absolutely pummeled. Thats a shame what ppl do with social media. Just in case you were curious, Jasmine Guy didn't disappear; instead, she has been hanging out quietly and, it would seem, keeping to herself regarding her professional life. Petey Wheatstraw (1977). Don't have an account? A simple search would have led you to multiple articles on this. DJ Stephen ‘tWitch’ Boss Dies By Suicide at 40; He Was Popular For His Work on The Ellen DeGeneres Show | 🎥. For his funeral, Go Fund Me has collected approximately $19, 363 from 610 donors. She has worked in a music composing.
Guy and Duckett announced their divorce on April 8, 2008, citing irreconcilable differences after ten years of marriage. 2022 American film directed by Jordan Peele. She went on a tweeting rampage about it! You alarm people's families and friend's. Palmer also noted, I just can't believe twitter 'deaths' have ppl calling me to make sure it isn't true. That's okay because God will always hold me in his arms and I will continue to walk in his grace. This Twitter death bullsh*t is getting real out if hand, when it hurts my family?????? Grand Theft Auto III (2001).
Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards Nominees. "The fact that I can't post a picture with my baby sister without death threats is just f***ing absurd, " wrote Stokes against a gray background, per E! Renegade Reveals Power Rangers Shattered Grid Expansion. He leaves behind his son, Prince, who he shared with Martin. No one said you were @TheGomezShuffle: @KekePalmer gurl calm down.. Trends like this happens almost everyday, Palmer tweeted. Love ya, Ke Ke, you will never be. According to Sources, Slick Goku lost his life surrounded by his family members on January 20, 2023. Truly don't see why this is being rated so poorly. American stop-motion animated comedy television series. "We are extremely saddened and shocked to confirm the passing of Aaron Carter today, " his rep said in a statement shortly after news of Carter's death hit headlines. My heart is broken". Jason David Frank, the beloved actor who played Tommy Oliver in the Power Rangers franchise, passed away at 49 years old on Saturday. American television series. Y'all ought to be ashamed of your damn self saying that I died!!!!!
No profound thoughts.