3 image description: This figure shows the network of blood vessels and the blood flow in the kidneys. In the final section the consequences of abnormal functioning of the various parts of the urinary system on body function are considered. Chapter 15: Urinary System Sonography II Workbook Flashcards. The bladder muscles relax during filling and contract during urinating. 8 image description: This color chart shows 8 different shades of yellow and associates each shade with stages of hydration (lightest 3 shades) or dehydration (remaining 5 darker shades). Explain how urine color varies based on food consumed and/or hydration levels. 4 Astonishing Facts about the Human Urinary System. The medulla is in the centre of the kidney and comprises 10-15 cone-shaped collecting ducts referred to as renal pyramids.
Sample||pH||Glucose||Protein||Ketones|. A high-protein diet often results in acidic urine, while a vegetable-rich diet results in more alkaline urine. The pyramids and renal columns taken together constitute the kidney lobes. Medical Specialties and Procedures Related to the Urinary System. GFR is influenced by the hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure on either side of the capillary membrane of the glomerulus. Chapter 15 the urinary system answer key. The procedure involves the use of a cystoscope, a long tube-like instrument that has a camera and light at the end. 2) lie on the posterior abdominal wall, one on each side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and below the diaphragm. Glomerulus||Renal Vein|. Athletes are often advised to consume water until their urine is clear.
Ketone bodies – produced by the disintegration of excess fatty acids in the liver. Parathyroid hormone. This activates efferent neurons to release acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions, producing detrusor contraction and bladder emptying. Some reabsorption is passive, but some substances, e. glucose, are actively transported.
It promotes sodium reabsorption by the nephron, promoting the retention of water. C. Bowman's capsule. Some of these tests and their procedures are described below (tests for pH, specific gravity, glucose, protein, and ketones). Which of the following is not considered a part of the male urethra? Pertaining to urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. The net fluid movement will be in the direction of the lower pressure. Renal fascia – the outermost layer comprising connective tissue holding the kidney to the abdominal wall. Which of the following is not considered a loop diuretic? Chapter 25 urinary system. Excision of all or part of the kidney.
Exercise 3 Pig or sheep kidney dissection. Numerous small glands in the prostate produce a liquid which gets mixed with the sperm in the urethra at the time of orgasm. • Contains a variety of different formats of questions for the chapter. Urinary System Practice Exam. The constituents of urine are: Chlorthiazide (DIURIL). Collecting ducts merge as they descend deeper in the medulla to form about 30 terminal ducts, which empty at a papilla. Between these capillary loops are connective tissue phagocytic mesangial cells, which are part of the monocyte–macrophage defence system (p. 70). 5 Renal filtration 341. The main functions of the kidneys are: Urine is stored in the bladder and excreted by the process of micturition.
The medial-facing hila are tucked into the sweeping convex outline of the cortex. The "heme" of hemoglobin is converted by the liver into water-soluble forms that can be excreted into the bile and indirectly into the urine. As the renal pelvis extends out of the hilum, it narrows to become the ureter of each kidney. Chapter 15 urinary system answer key figures. The urinary bladder is the primary organ that collects urine from both ureters (Figure 25. The ureters are approximately 30 cm long. Also known as urination or micturition. As the segmental arteries continue to branch, blood flows into the interlobar arteries, which pass through the renal columns and extend to the cortex. This is the only portal system in which an arteriole is found between the first and second capillary beds. For more information, visit Johns Hopkins Medicine's web page on 24-hour urine collection.
They also have additional secondary functions that exert control in three areas: blood pressure (via the production of renin), red blood cell production (via the hormone EPO), and calcium absorption (via the conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D). • Check what students have learned from the chapter by having them complete the Study Guide. The efferent arteriole divides into a second peritubular (meaning 'around tubules') capillary network, which wraps around the remainder of the tubule, allowing exchange between the fluid in the tubule and the bloodstream (Figs 13. If harmful bacteria is found, a sensitivity report is generated. At the same time, sympathetic nervous activity via the hypogastric nerves suppresses contraction of the detrusor muscle. The remainder of the nephron and the collecting duct are formed by a single layer of simple squamous epithelium (Fig.
Nearly all of the filtrate is later reabsorbed from the kidney tubules with less than 1%, i. This excess protein in the filtrate leads to a deficiency of circulating plasma proteins. The active re-absorption of chloride ions. National Institutes of Health, U. Bladder infection (urinary tract infection) in adults. Identify the major blood vessels associated with the kidney and trace the path of blood through the kidney. The strong ammonia odor you may detect in bathrooms or alleys is due to the breakdown of urea into ammonia by bacteria in the environment. The main function of the collecting ducts is to reabsorb as much water as the body needs. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced by the parathyroid glands in response to decreased circulating calcium levels. They act to stimulate or inhibit blood flow. Efferent Arterioles||Renal Artery|. D. papillary duct → ureter → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → urinary bladder → urethra.
This means that only trace amounts of protein should be found in a normal urine, approximately 10 mg / 100 mL (dL) in a random sample. Some drugs can be eliminated by carrier proteins that enable secretion of the drug into the tubule lumen. Only a light or electron microscope can reveal these structures. For more information, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases' web page on kidney transplant. The digital version has a text box for students to type in the missing word/ term or answer. Through the renal artery, blood enters each kidney into the hilus – a curved notch near the centre on the side of each kidney.
The inability to urinate is retention. Record your observations of the physical characteristics of each sample (color, clarity and smell) in Table 1, below. Ureters penetrate the walls of the bladder from either side, which forms a U shape. Afferent Arteriole||Interlobular Artery|.
These structures take a simple filtrate of the blood and modify it into urine. Urine then flows into the renal papilla. The right kidney is somewhat lower compared to the left to accommodate the liver. The Urinary Bladder. Tubular reabsorption. Urinary Tract Infection. The normal range is one to two liters per day. Crystals generally make urine cloudy or opaque. 00) due to the presence of solutes. Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone. Some of these are endocrine, acting from a distance, whereas others are paracrine, acting locally. This is good advice; however, it takes time for the kidneys to process body fluids and store it in the bladder.
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