Died of malaria at age 27 999SYLVESTER II French. Constantinpole falls to Turks 1455CALIXTUS III Spaniard. Instigated another Crusade 1265CLEMENT IV French. Imprisoned and killed by Roman nobles. Nepotism returns 1724BENEDICT XIIIPersonally sincere, but papacy derailed by corrupt associates. Emperor Henry III, on his deathbed, entrusted him with the empire 1057STEPHEN IX Lorrainer. Holy Roman Empire ends (1806) 1823LEO XII Hostile toward modern world. Probably poisoned 1047BENEDICT IX "Elected" for the third time, then forced out by emperor 1048DAMASUS IIBavaria. There, he ministered for 25 years before dying a martyr's death about A. Pope between sixtus iii and hilarious video. D. 67. Introduced use of Arabic numbers. Politically inept 418ST. PAUL I Visited prisons, released debtors 768STEPHEN IV Unable to control blood-thirsty subordinates 772ADRIAN ICharlemagne, king of Franks, defeats Lombards. ZEPHYRINUS Martyr 217ST.
Resisted new emperor in East 731ST. Hundred Years War (between France and England) made another Crusade impossible 1342CLEMENT VI French. Launched unsuccessful third Crusade 1191CELESTINE III Assumed papal chair at age 87, one of the oldest pontiffs ever 1198INNOCENT III Wealthy. PONTIAN Ordered singing of psalms. Poisoned 985JOHN XV First pope to canonize a saint (Ulric). Sold church offices to highest bidder 1404INNOCENT VII Brutal. Pope between sixtus iii and hilarius jokes. Following a vision Constantine declared Christianity the official religion 314ST. Issue split East and West 269ST. Introduced sung 'Gloria' in Sunday liturgy 514ST.
BENEDICT II Gave his wealth to poor 685JOHN V Syrian. Went to war with antipope. Muslims defeat Christianity in North Africa 701JOHN VIEphesian. First of four German popes imposed by German emperor. Probably poisoned 913LANDO Man of good character.
Anarchy in Rome 1406GREGORY XII Last pope to abdicate 1417MARTIN VElection ended Western schism. GELASIUS I Advanced theory of supremacy of pope above king 496ANASTASIUS IIAttempted East-West reconciliation, but accused of heresy. But nepotism returns 1691INNOCENT XIIReformist, issued decree against nepotism. Legitimacy is open to question 1045BENEDICT IX Elected again for a short time 1045GREGORY VI Bought papacy from Benedict, then was deposed by emperor 1046CLEMENT II Saxon. Pope between sixtus iii and hilarious face. Tried in vain to bring peace to Europe 867ADRIAN IICrowned Alfred the Great, first English king blessed in Rome 872JOHN VIII When poison didn't kill him quickly, he was bludgeoned to death with a hammer 882MARINUS I First bishop of another diocese elected Bishop of Rome. Hungary Christianized (942) 942MARINUS II Allowed to do little 946AGAPITUS IIConverted Harold of Denmark 955JOHN XII Crowned Otto, restoring Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. Black Death sweeps Europe, killing millions 1362URBAN V French.
It was first used by Pope Siricius in the fourth century. Plotted to take Constantinople by force. Muhammad (570-632) builds following 640SEVERINUS Fought with Emperor Heraclus in East 640JOHN IV Croatian. Decapitated on the pontifical chair 257ST. Spread Christianity to Sweden, Denmark, Norway 1458PIUS II Encouraged arts and literature 1464PAUL II Very unpopular. Established Easter on first Sunday after the full moon in March 155ST.
Reconstructed Roman churches, protected Jews 1431EUGENE IV Fled Rome many times. Thrown into the sea with an anchor around his neck 97 ST. EVARISTUS Greek. Russia Christianized (988) 996GREGORY V Saxon. Pope Gregory VII (1073-85) restricted its use to the Bishop of Rome. NICHOLAS I (THE GREAT) Took care of poor, protected the oppressed. Gave money to poor students, colleges, artists 1371GREGORY XI French. Rome at theological odds with Constantinople 440ST. Started solemn blessing after civil marriage 105ST. Politically and militarily powerful 1024JOHN XIX First and only pope to succeed his brother. Had affair with mother of Rome's most powerful woman 928LEO VIQuestionable conduct 929STEPHEN VIII Little known about him 931JOHN XI Possibly the illegitimate son of Sergius III. Killed by half-brother Alberic II, at age 29 936LEO VII Pawn of Alberic II, ruler of Rome. Encouraged Spain's fight against Muslims 715ST. Papal state borders defined, remain until 1870 795ST.
EUTYCHIAN Martyr 283ST. Imperial persecutions led to mass exodus from Rome 251ST. "Babylonian Captivity" lasted 70 years 1316JOHN XXII French. Created indulgences (purchasing of forgiveness of sin) 1352INNOCENT VI French. 32 ST. PETER Galilean. CELESTINE I St. Patrick goes to Ireland 432ST. Angry Romans then deposed him 964BENEDICT VChosen by people, then deposed by emperor. AGATHORestored relations between Roman and Byzantine rulers 682ST. Beaten to death with a stick and thrown into a well 222ST. Fought with Eastern Church 1118GELASIUS IIImprisoned after election.