Am J Hosp Pharm 1977;34:1347– 1349. Graff's textbook of urinalysis and body fluids 3rd edition pdf free online. A previously undiagnosed glycosuria should be followed up by such studies as a glucose tolerance test, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and fasting blood sugar. In urine formation and excretion. Increased formation of phenylalanine metabolites. Discuss the performance of pH, the wet preparation, and the KOH preparation; how they are performed and what you look for when doing these tests.
Fatty casts; POL; urine sediment; 400. In synovial fluid two similar looking crystals, monosodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate can be differentiated using birefringence. Essential Clinical Anatomy. MISCELLANEOUS IMAGES. These are the spheroid form of the crystal (500).
Results from quality assessment activities must be evaluated and communicated in order to make gains from the assessment work done and to reduce medical errors. Flammable liquids and gases. No reagent strip tests detect the presence of fats in the urine. For centuries, physicians have used visual characteristics of urine as diagnostic tools. Hemoglobin Chromogens and Sensitivities by Reagent Strip. Bacteria are reported according to the number that is present (few, moderate, etc. The serous membrane that covers the organ is the visceral portion of the membrane, whereas the serous membrane that lines the body wall is the parietal portion of the membrane. Further consultation with pathology may be required for the identification of tumor cells and other abnormal cells. The act defines medical waste and establishes acceptable practices for treatment and disposal of this waste. If the controls do not fall in acceptable range, the test results may be invalidated. Hilus: Opening in the middle of the concave medial border of the kidney for nerves and blood vessels to pass into the renal sinus. Eosinophils can be increased in parasitic and fungal infections of the CSF or allergic reactions to malfunctioning intracranial shunts, radiographic contrast media, and drugs. Graff's Textbook of Routine Urinalysis and Body Fluids - Free Download PDF. See Figure 14-6 for the characteristic appearance of these organisms. What type of container should be provided for the col-.
These substances provide nutritional support for spermatozoa. Box 7-3 Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside) Test for Melanogen In the Thormahlen test, sodium nitroprusside is reduced to ferrocyanide (Prussian blue) by the reducing action of melanogen. Graff's textbook of urinalysis and body fluids 3rd edition pdf free download windows 10. The field is then darkened by rotating one of the filters, crossing the polarizing filters at 90. Gatter RA, Schymacher HR. From Cohen BJ, Taylor JJ. Normal synovial fluid forms a tight ropy clot upon the addition of acetic acid. Lymphocytes in CSF undergo the same morphologic changes as in peripheral blood, lending to the presence of various lymphocyte forms.
The nuclei and granules are easily recognized (800). Cells that develop this characteristic are called "glitter cells. " See Occult blood Fecal fat testing qualitative, 281 quantitative, 281 Fecal formation, 278 Fecal leukocytes, 279, 279f, 319 Fecal specimen collection, 278–279 fecal fat testing. Water enters the system through consumption of either water or food and also through cellular metabolic processes. 1 mg/dL of bilirubin. The chemical nature of the specific gravity reagent strip may cause slightly different results from those obtained with other specific gravity methods when elevated amounts of certain urine constituents are present. Graff's textbook of urinalysis and body fluids 3rd edition pdf free. A small amount of CSF is formed by the: a. cerebral ventricles capillaries b. dura mater and pia mater c. ependymal lining cells d. ventricular choroid plexuses. Most commonly, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is an acquired disorder. If a yellow or greenish-yellow foam develops, then bilirubin is most likely present. Bilirubin color chart. Note: sensitivities are for albumin.
Transcription errors. Acute pyelonephritis. 10 Microorganisms that may lead to antisperm antibody production include Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Herpes simplex. Granular casts may be the result of the degeneration of cel-. Diagnosis of metabolic disease. Water bath and allow to boil for 3 minutes. Features of a normal spermatozoon. Other substances that alter urine color usually do not alter the color of foam that may be formed upon agitating the specimen. 2, 11, 42 False positives will result if the urine is contaminated with menstrual blood. 2 When fetal urine production begins, the chemical composition of the amniotic fluid changes. Cornstarch crystals are almost hexagonal in shape, and they contain an irregular indentation in the center (Fig. Modern Urine Chemistry Manual. This disease has a much more favorable prognosis than the above adult nephrotic syndrome. Haber MH, Lindner LE, Ciofalo LN.
Uric acid crystals: moderate. If the cells are still intact, the nuclei may be clearly visible, but as they disappear, the cast becomes granular in appearance. Glomerulus: A tuft of capillaries involved in blood filtration and urine formation that is located in Bowman capsule where the blood filtrate becomes the ultrafiltrate. A urinalysis and kidney stone analysis were ordered. When these cells die, they ball up and become difficult to distinguish from WBCs, so it is important to process and read all specimens for wet preparation examination immediately, within 1⁄2 hour, to avoid missing these organisms. 6 Immunobead assays are used to detect the presence of sperm antibodies on the surface of sperm. Refractive index varies with temperature, but the TS meter is temperature-compensated for temperatures between. Diarrhea: An increase in the frequency of bowel movements or a decrease in the form of stool (greater looseness of stool). Reasons for analyzing amniotic fluid include the. 23 This precipitation may also result in a decrease in the level of serum calcium. Renal pelvis: Funnel-shaped structure adjacent to the indented area of the kidney that collects urine from the renal calyces and conveys the urine to the ureters. 3 Decreased CSF glucose levels are usually observed in CNS infections because both leukocytes and microorganisms will consume glucose. One to two drops of wellmixed fluid are pipetted into the cuvette. 5-15 (page 66)) and this form is sometimes erroneously identified as cystine.
These include Pyridium and methylene blue, which are used as urinary antiseptics. LABORATORY STANDARDS The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (formerly the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards [NCCLS]) is a nonprofit, private educational organization that develops and publishes national and international laboratory standards on a variety of clinical laboratory testing procedures and policies. URINE PREGNANCY TESTING Urine pregnancy testing is widely performed and has not been covered in previous chapters. Automation of the microscopic portion of the urinalysis not only helps detect unexpected sediment but also helps standardize the identification and enumeration of urinary sediment. Med J Aust 1977;2(5):153–155. List causes for various effusions. 2 Extracellular fluid can be further divided into interstitial fluid, transcellular fluids in various body cavities, and plasma. Morphology of cells: The observance and description of cell. Note the many layered crystals (500).
9, 11 Alkaline pH may decrease sensitivity to glucose. Lipoprotein electrophoresis. The head appears oval when viewed from the front and appears pyriform when viewed from the side. Multistix2 (75 mg/dL). He had been traveling in Africa, so his physician ordered tests for malaria, which were negative. The sulfosalicylic acid provides the acid environment for the reaction.