Two examples of these products are CounterStrike® and FlashShield™. In addition, on their contractor's page, SoCal Gas warns "Do not use SoCalGas gas meter gas piping gas risers or related equipment for electrical bonding or grounding because it is not safe and not permitted. The photo below shows an example of CSST bonded at the exterior of the home, with the bonding clamp connected to the CSST nut. Bonding wires provide a low-impedance path between metal pipes so that any static electricity buildup can be safely discharged from the system. CSST Gas Lines Versus Flexible Appliance Connectors. Grounding and Bonding Services by. CSST either has a yellow jacket or a black jacket. However, you do need to learn more about gas line bonding and its important.
He can be reached at: 717-361-9467 or. It's up to the installer, inspectors, and code enforcers to understand and recognize when gas lines could be non-compliant. In case any stray electricity gets into the components, electricity will flow through the bonded components rather than gather in any one component. Bonding csst gas line to electrical panel. The installation requirements for gas pipe and gas appliance connectors are very different. For these reasons, you should never allow an installer to ground your solar system, or any other electrical equipment, to SDG&E meters, pipes or valves. However, NFPA 54, Sec. CSST is flexible, making it better across long runs, and offers good damage protection during an earthquake. If your concerned, the home needs to be inspected, and (if not present) proper bonding must be installed to CSST gas lines, to help protect the home in the event of a lightning strike. CSST is thin walled corrugated metal flexible tubing (the interior pipe walls are approx.
Some previously installed CSST systems may not have the proper bonding for optimal safety. Bonding, on the other hand, is a permanent connection of metal objects (such as pipes, metal framing, metal appliances, etc. ) This means that if something was installed to code, it's still a code-compliant installation today, even if the codes have changed significantly. You can bond CSST inside or outside. Bond: The permanent joining of metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path that will ensure electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any potential current. Properly Grounded Gas Supply Lines | CSST Gas Line Grounding. That it is connected to is grounded via its electrical power connection. We will send our licensed electricians to make sure that your home is properly bonded and completely safe. CSST is typically routed beneath, through or alongside floor joists in the basement, inside interior wall cavities and on top of ceiling joists in attic spaces. As for bonding the gas pipe, according to the National Electrical Code, metal piping systems that are "likely to become energized" must be bonded (250.
The most common types are: - Yellow corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST). Some manufacturers of CSST offer a product with a black outer "arc-resistant" jacket, which tells you it's an arc-resistant product. However, some disagree. The manufacturers of CSST have changed their installation requirements because they've learned that the old methods weren't good enough. Bonding gas line to electrical panel on climate change. Piping: As used in codes, it can be either pipe or tubing, or both. CSST flexible gas lines in the attic are a prime candidate for damage from lightning strikes. 2006 – All manufacturer's instructions now require bonding of yellow CSST.
Most homes have gas lines in their attic, walls & basements. It is between 1–6 feet long. Other options, including tinned copper, which is copper coated with tin, may also be a suitable grounding wire solution for wet environments and high-temperature situations. Tinned copper is more corrosion resistant than bare copper and has a longer lifespan.
They believe you should size it from Table 250-122, determined by the size of the overcurrent protection device ahead of the circuit. In more recent years, however, all manufacturers of CSST have made it a point to release technical bulletins to CSST installers ensuring they are aware that yellow CSST must be bonded and showing how it must be done. That means that the bonding conductor for CSST can be connected to the metallic water piping coming into the home, a ground rod at the exterior, or anywhere else on the service grounding electrode system. While both CSST and FAC are made with stainless steel & carry gas — that's where their similarities end. But this week, we're diving deep into a very specific topic. Keep in mind that gas appliance connectors are not CSST and do not require bonding. Bonding a gas line. If there is a power surge during a lightning storm, or if there is a fault in the wiring system, the electricity has a place to go through the backup pathway the ground wire provides. This change makes it much easier to properly bond CSST. Bonding is covered for gas pipes that are not CSST in California Plumbing Code Section 1211.
2, CSST lines "shall be electrically continuous and bonded to the electrical service grounding electrode system or where provided, lightning protection grounding electrode system. For more information about gas pipe bonding: Additional information about the requirements for yellow CSST bonding can be found in this bulletin: You can find our full service list under the Services tab at the top of our website: © 2019 Matthew Steger. As a gas pipe is also connected to the house by running underground, it seems logical that a gas pipe is a good place to connect a grounding wire. For example, you may use the equipment-grounding conductor in a circuit supplying a gas range to bond and ground the metal gas piping as well as the enclosure of the range. When grounding a gas line, installers can use either a bare copper or insulated copper wire if it meets the size requirements laid out by the NFGC. In many cases, gas lines are grounded if they are connected to an appliance like a gas range, water heater, or furnace. Yellow CSST damage due to a nearby lightning strike. The best course of action is to call an experienced electrician repair service such as the Volt Doctors so that you get high quality service and peace of mind at affordable rates. This is a relatively new, flexible gas line used all over the country. When our natural gas crews are out in the field conducting inspections, doing maintenance or repairs, they are always on the lookout for safety issues. Each above-ground portion of a gas piping system that is likely to become energized shall be electrically continuous and bonded to an effective ground-fault current path.
Types of gas lines first. With this being said, CSST manufacturers will have to perform thorough testing on the bonding to determine whether a mass reduction could yield to damage that was caused by the CSST, in the event of a lightning strike. Nonmetallic piping concerns. I'm not boosting this image from anyone, because it's mine:-). Note: IM Home Inspections does not perform gas pipe tracing. If you find CSST after inspecting your home or business, it is strongly recommended that you determine if the CSST system is properly bonded and grounded. In the case of the gas/electric range, again you can use the equipment grounding conductor of the circuit feeding the appliance, to bond the gas piping (if required). Without grounding, there is a chance the tubing could become damaged by a spark, arc, or other electrical discharge.
The photo below shows the two different materials. If you are unsure as to whether your home has CSST or whether it has been properly bonded and grounded, contact a licensed electrician to arrange for a professional inspection. CSST Bonding from ICC – An excellent article from the International Code Council. Book your home inspection by calling 818-298-3405 or book online here. And if the gas piping is isolated from the furnace electrical (not likely to become energized), you don't have to bond the piping at all. Grounding is done to ensure that electrical fault current can return to the utility's transformer and hopefully prevent damage to people or property. What about existing homes?
Homes without updated electrical installed, for example, those that rely on knob-and-tube wiring systems or have a plethora of two-prong outlets, may not have a ground wire. Unfortunately, even if most of the line does not include CSST, the line needs to be bonded using bare or insulated grounding wire. If you have CSST in your home and gas supply line work was done there since 1990, you need to be sure it is safe. As part of a home inspection, the inspector should try to visually determine if the home's gas piping is bonded. But in 2022, we noticed a sudden uptick in observing grounding wires connected directly to the gas meter. What about existing installations?
Use this page to learn how to convert between cubic feet and board feet. Determining the Diameter and Calculating Volume. 314666572222 cubic feet, or 423. Hardwood lumber boards like poplar, for example, are usually packaged in mixed width and mixed length bundles. If you use fractions, just make sure you leave a space between any leading whole number and the fraction. Otherwise, you will be unable to accurate compare their offerings. If you have noticed an error in the text or calculations, or you need another converter, which you did not find here, please let us know!
Substitute these numbers into the board foot formula to find the board footage per piece: board feet = length(ft) × width(in) × thickness(in) / 12. board feet = 8 × 10 × 1. Cubic feet to cubic nanometer. Accordingly, knowing the board foot price allows hardwood buyers & woodworkers to calculate the value of lumber units assuming they also can tally the board footage! Other mills count an 8'5″ long board as 8′. Customers often fail to account for extra wide gaps when doing a quick block tally.
Here the cuts shown are rough cuts only — as we have discussed earlier, these boards will be further reduced during the final processing. 12 kg), but on average, one weighs 3. How many cubic feet in 1 board foot? 8] X Research source. A log 8' x 16" is 85 bf on International scale, divide that by 12 to get 7. Height must be measured from the center of one basis to center of the other. We will not use anything above point C, once the tree is logged. Here are a few trade secrets of lumber tallying that I will share with you: - Using a tally stick to count hardwood lumber is the best way to estimate lumber in board feet. In some cases, it is more reasonable to measure lumber by weight. It equals the volume of a one-foot (305 mm) length of a board, one foot wide and one inch (25. This is done to avoid extra work of unloading the lumber on the scale and then loading it back. For example 2 x 4 timber when planed actually only measures 1.
Tap any unit block header to expand/collapse it. Finally, the International 1/4" rule lets you use a 1/4-inch thickness of the woodcutter with a taper length of 1/3 an inch per 4 feet of the log by length. All you need to do is use the board foot formula below: board feet = length (ft) × width (in) × thickness (in) / 12. Then, the calculator determines the category of the measurement unit of measure that is to be converted, in this case 'Volume'. Weight measurements are simple and cheap to perform and are often used for the less valuable wood. For this alternative, the calculator also figures out immediately into which unit the original value is specifically to be converted. What is the correct way to convert board feet to cubic feet? Use the exact measurements, in feet. Surprisingly, the calculations are extremely easy! After studying physics and philosophy as an undergraduate at Indiana University-Bloomington, he worked as a scientist at the National Institutes of Health for two years.
33 board feet of lumber. 11 bd ft/cu ft. A 20" log will yield 7. Unlike linear footage, the board footage is a measurement of volume. The limb length formula accounts for changes in diameter of a tree trunk. Here one log is scaled in two different ways. 6 bf per 12 bf of log scale; for softwoods green, it is about 14 to 15 bf per cu ft. You must then use these conversions. A linear foot is a straight line 12 inches (1 foot) in length. Simply enter your lumber thickness, width, length, and quantity and it will calculate the board footage. Scaling is a process of determining what amount of wood can be cut into sawlogs or boards, and how much usable wood will be yielded.
WikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. There are some other specific distinctions and contexts in which each word is used, but for this article, we will use the word "lumber". If the tree grows on an incline, then this height is measured from the uphill side of the tree. One each 36"x20' = 1225 BF and 13, 935 lbs. A log with radius of 2 feet and height of 10 feet would have a volume of about 125. Sophia holds a BA in English from Colorado State University. In fact it's even older. The Doyle scale is most commonly used scale in the Midwest. The Roy Log rule, common in Quebec, Canada, is used to accurately measure 14-foot and 16-foot logs. Measurement like lumber volume finds its use in a number of places right from education to industrial usage. In particular, this makes very large and very small numbers easier to read. The board feet calculator below quickly allows you to estimate hardwood lumber volumes. This formula assumes logs are perfect or near-perfect cylinders. Be it buying grocery or cooking, units play a vital role in our daily life; and hence their conversions.
However, after processing, the board's actual measurements are closer to 1. In other situations, sample trees are selected individually throughout the woodland area instead of measuring all of the trees on sample plots. In which r1 and r2 are the radii of the two circular bases. What happened to a board ft = 1" x 12" x 12" not 1 1/8 x 12 x 12 or 1. Calculating board footage like we did above is accurate but slow. While the measurements are taken, the truck is stationary and without the passengers or the driver inside.
So, the government switched to cubic volume for sales. The board-foot content also doesn't account for the quality of the wood itself so professionals working in the lumber industry need to be aware of what they are precisely measuring. You can hide the blocks you don't need by clicking on the block headline. The International scale uses 1/4 inch kerf (unless you use the 1/8" International scale) and assumes that 1 bd ft = 1/12 cu ft approximately. This program rounds lumber thickness up to the next 1/4" and lumber less than 4/4 is rounded up to 4/4.
The height of the log, also known as merchantable tree height would depend on what the wood is intended for, and on how wide the tree is. Fill out all of the fields in the boxes, then click the "Calculate" button. 5 feet is roughly the breast height for an average person. It is defined as the volume of a cube with edges one foot in length.