They're gonna demand more 'cause now they have more money in their pockets, and so it's going to shift to the right. Ii) Equilibrium price level, labeled PL1. We care about a fiscal policy action. And this would be in relation to lowering taxes or raising taxes or increasing or decreasing government spending. You could also think at a given output level, you would have a lower price level, at a given price level. If price levels are low, people might not be willing to output a lot, and if price levels are high, people will output more. 31 Annual Report 2018 19 C REMUNERATION TO KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL OTHER THAN. Assume the U. economy was operating at a short-run equilibrium when interest rates for investment loans increased. Assume the economy of anderson land. Participants will be given guidance in development of a class syllabus as well as a review of the most recent exam.
B) Assume the Brazilian government has decreased spending by 50%. Let's call that Y sub one, and we are at price level sub one. If you have previously taught the course, please bring your syllabus for reviewing and revising. Assume that the economy of Country X has an actual unemployment rate of 7%, a natural rate of unemployment of 5%, and an inflation rate of 3%. Instructor] In this video, I want to tackle an entire AP macroeconomics free response exercise with you. C) Based on your answer in part (b), what is the impact of higher exports on real wages in the short-run? So I could call that our long-run Phillips curve, and it's going to be right there at 5%. The key is to distinguish between the short run and the long run. So let's say this is point B right over here. We will balance covering some of the more challenging topics in the course material while trying some strategies and lessons to develop students' skills in economic analysis. And now if you have a tax cut, that would shift aggregate demand to the right. In the short run, nominal wages are fixed. AP® Macroeconomics (New & Experienced Teachers. And so you would have your short-run aggregate supply curve shift to the right, short-run aggregate supply sub two. So our short-run aggregate supply would look like that.
Based on your answer to part (e) and assume a flexible exchange rate system, will Country X's currency appreciate, depreciate, or remain the same in the foreign exchange market? Upload your study docs or become a. Economic geography william p anderson. Aggregate supply means the number of commodities manufactured by all the producers in an economy at the prevailing price level. That interest rate then lowers the investment demand. She has developed pedagogical strategies for skill and knowledge acquisition to share with participants from her experience.
So this is going to be so that we have our price level axis up here, and we just drew something very similar to this, real GDP. So if we're talking about aggregate demand and aggregate supply, our vertical axis is going to be our price level, I'll just call that PL, and our horizontal axis that is going to be our real GDP. And now let's draw our short-run aggregate supply which we have seen before. Example free response question from AP macroeconomics (video. Answer - One point is earned for stating that the investment component of AD will change. And then on the horizontal axis, I am going to do my unemployment rate. And we could say, because national income has gone up, people will buy more imports, so the supply of Country X's currency for exchange will go up. Using the numerical values given above, draw a correctly labeled graph of the short-run and long-run Phillips curves. B) Identify one fiscal policy government could implement to reverse the change in investment spending. This preview shows page 1 - 2 out of 2 pages.
So remember, Phillips curves show the relationship or the theoretical relationship between the unemployment rate and the inflation rate. And now I have to do the short-run Phillips curve, and that will show a relationship between inflation rate and unemployment. B) Assume that there is an increase in exports from Andersonland. Well, that's going to be upward sloping. And then you have the equilibrium output, let's call that Y sub one. And it happens, and then we have price level sub two. And then your equilibrium price level would go down, price level sub two would go down. Answer and Explanation: 1. a) The long-run equilibrium is achieved at the point where AD, SRAS, and LRAS intersect. Materials to write on and with. D) As a result of an increase in exports, export oriented industries increase expenditures on new container ships and equipment. Ii) What is the impact on the Long-run aggregate supply? And they say the short-run equilibrium we have an unemployment rate of 7% and an inflation rate of 3%.
And then they say, label the short-run equilibrium as point B. The goal is for each participant to leave the summer institute better prepared to teach AP Macroeconomics. And you have your equilibrium price level, PL sub one. Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand. Label the current short-run equilibrium as point B. Watch me answer it here. I would really appreciate your help here. AP®︎/College Macroeconomics. Show each of the following. And one way to do that, would be to put more money in people's pockets, and one way to do that, is to have a tax cut. So let me draw a graph to even help to visualize this. Would it shift to the left as firms reduce production due to low demand (a lot of unemployed workers and thus have less money to spend)?
So one way to think about it, at a given price level, because there's people out there looking for a job, you might be able to get more output. If you have low rate of unemployment, especially if it's below your natural rate of unemployment, well then there's a lot of demand for people. Want to join the conversation? So pause this video if you are inspired to do so, but I will now work through it.
That would be upward sloping, as the price level increases or the economy might be willing to output more, so that's short-run aggregate supply. So I'm gonna do the inflation rate in the vertical axis which is typical. I) Equilibrium output, labeled Y1. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e. g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. On the AP Macroeconomics lessons, we learn that due to expansionary fiscal policy, the government borrows loans because of the deficit in the budget. Now we want to graph the short-run and long-run Phillips curves.
Instructor: Julie Meek. So here they're saying short-run aggregate supply curve, explain. And there's a couple of ways to think about that. Understand the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model and its features. The way I think about it is if you have real GDP increasing, you're in a situation where you just have more economic activity, the national income has gone up. In the long run, which of the following shift to the right, shift to the left, or remain the same? Learn more about this topic: fromChapter 7 / Lesson 3. At any given price level, people are gonna want more. They're saying a fiscal policy action, not a monetary policy. So that's the long-run aggregate supply. Our unemployment rate is higher than the natural level of unemployment. New container ships and equipment are increases in capital and therefore Investment will increase.
Julie holds a master's degree in Economics Education from the University of Delaware.
The riverbeds that Willow Moss calls home are used to a varying amount of light. Riccardia forms tiny, delicate ramifications and really comes into its own in nano aquariums. I'm guessing you didn't know it's illegal to import plants without a Phyto-Sanitary Certificate. Whether you're choosing simple, easy Java moss or a more fancy type like Christmas moss, it's always a great option and really helps getting that nice green aquascape. Although it has almost the same color as java moss, flame moss has leaves, that mainly grows up, and has the appearance of small flames, hence the name. Vertically in a spiral. Aquatic mosses stand out in the fish tanks. That Riccia also lists in the category of mosses, it owes to the Japanese Takashi Amano. Regular trimming is advisable to keep the overhanging cushions in good shape. I've had over 50 shipments from overseas, all containing live plants and animals, not once has any of my packages been confiscated by customs. OK question for you guys if a shipment of flame moss takes 17-31 days to arrive will it still be alive?
Both of these moss species have origins in Southeast Asia. The foliage is quite dense and grows alarmingly faster than all the other variants. Certain Moss is better at certain things. Many of these mosses can grow emersed, too. Trimming with the help of scissors may make sense from a design point of view, but often causes many tiny moss particles spreading uncontrollably in the water. The most commonly used fertilizer for aquarium plants is liquid iron fertilizer. In which quantity or quality do you buy. For propagation, use cuttings, as each piece of moss will be its plant, even the tiniest scrap. We can not guarantee our aquatic plants will be snail free. Flame moss and Java Moss can both be the target of algae growth. Riccia fluitans has relatively rigid and firm shoots but very filigree and nicely branched. Even so, it is usually one of the most bought because it has a very fast and progressive growth: once it starts, it grows faster and faster. For more aquarium plant inspiration and information, don't forget to have a look at the other articles in the aquarium plants category on Aquariadise!
So, no worries if you lose a few. Weeping moss, a slow growing, overhanging dense moss, weeping mosses require a personal touch every now and then to maintain the beautiful aesthetics it provides to a fish tank or aquarium. Java moss is considered a fast-growing plant, and if the conditions are right, it can grow twice as large in a couple of weeks! Some aquarists have difficulty attaching Christmas Moss in their tanks. Moving on, since java moss is a very fast-growing plant, it can require more attention. I. t has large fronds with deep green colour and attaches itself on driftwood and rocks. Just like Java Moss, Christmas Moss is endemic to Southeast Asia. It is a great tool for landscaping and forms bushy patches. 'Peacock" and Selaginella Uncinata. Just don't expect too much too quickly: many mosses, including Christmas moss, grow quite slowly. With its dark green shade and thick shoots that grow vertically, the flame moss (Taxiphyllum sp. ) It branches out very quickly from one single frond, spreading out as it grows like the fan of a peacock's tail. Aiming for a temperature between 53 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit would be best. These species don't have roots, which means these plants get all their required nutrients from water and light, using their leaves and stems.
Water flow that is too strong can result in tearing of the moss. They are rare and can only be found in a few lakes worldwide. It's a great food source for certain shrimp. Flame moss can resist it better in comparison to java moss because Flame Moss does not require high light as compared to java moss. Family name: Hypnaceae. Flame moss grows vertically upwards and continues to grow upward at a steady growth rate.
These rhizoids will serve to anchor the moss to hardscape and absorb the nutrients the plant needs. Marimo Moss Balls have no unique lighting requirements; they grow at the bottom of lakes In nature, so regular household lights should be sufficient for them. It has a more pointed appearance. It can be found across Asia and Europe but is endemic to China. It means if you attach this plant to a rock in your aquarium, then it will soon spread around it and cover it. You may fertilize it for faster growth, but it is not required because it pulls fish waste out of the water, resulting in cleaner water and self-fertilization. Java Moss Vs Flame Moss: Differences Explained. It was first discovered just a few years ago, in the early 2000s, by a German botanist named Christel Kasselman.
Endemic to Southeast Asia, Coral Moss, also known as Mini Pellia or Coral Pellia, is a rare but beautiful species of Aquarium Moss. There are a lot of aquarium carpeting plants, and java moss is one of the easiest, but it can also be used in all sections of the tank, including attaching to decorations. You don't see the growth - it just appears larger after days or weeks. These mosses can coexist in the same tank without any issues. When you land on another damp and dimly lit surface, the new moss grows. A floating plant that I've found to help my fry survive is Brazilian Pennywort, as long as it's floating and in large enough mass. It thrives in a wider range of temperatures than flame moss, generally anywhere between 77 – 86 degrees Fahrenheit, with a water pH of 6 – 8. Originally thought to be native to North America, Willow Moss can now be found worldwide in such places as Africa, Europe, and Asia. Can be attached to almost any aquarium décor or left floating in loose form. Co2 and extra lighting are not necessary to grow Phoenix moss but still appreciated. Without CO2 or added nutrients, simply keep a well-maintained aquarium to set yourself up for success. You can place it pretty much anywhere in the tank, either by fixing it to the substrate or leaving it afloat on the surface, and it'll grow. But adding a low amount of CO₂ will give a more greenish color to its leafy structure.
Finally, it is a very easy to maintain species. It looks best when attached to a surface instead of left floating free and might need a bit more light and care than Java moss. Planted aquariums also super suit these mosses.
If you do not attach it to driftwood, you should contain it with fishing line to a stone, otherwise, it can become a pest when left floating. This moss should get more lighting if we aim for reasonable and compact growth. On the other hand, flame moss requires less trimming as it grows slowly and steadily. CREEPING MOSS OR VESICULARIA SP. Although it is not a true aquatic plant, it can survive beautifully for about three months when submerged in a tank and can survive for months without water. Its densely branched and delicate side shoots (1 – 3 cm tall) are somewhat reminiscent of the appearance of a Christmas tree.
The most popular, well-known and hardy type of aquarium moss is undoubtedly Java moss (pictured above). The stems and leaves grow upwards and spiral, inducing a green flame appearance. But if you have your Crystalwort submerged, you will need to accommodate it with more light. One of the most popular features of Java moss Taxiphyllum Barbieri is its Growth speed. It is easy to grow in cooler water under medium light and carbon dioxide injection speed growth. Requires temperatures ranging from 68°F to 83°F (20°C to 28°C), while on the other hand, java moss requires temperature ranges of 70°F to 75°F(21°C to 24°C). For the rest, it also has that characteristic pointed shape and very small leaves. Its popularity is because it is incredibly hardy and doesn't have very intense water requirements. Contrary to the weeping moss discussed next, the stems of this moss type point upwards, resembling flames. Coral Moss (Riccardia Chamedryfolia).
Weeping Moss may be perfect if you're looking for a unique plant to add to your tank. So, make sure you keep the threads or accessory attachments fish-friendly too. Because of how recently it was found, not much is yet known about Subwassertang. It can be used as flooring as well, but it is not recommended because it will be easier to become an algae magnet this way and would be hard to keep clean. However, if a brightly lit aquarium is your only option, check out the java moss, a similar plant that can withstand brighter light. For that reason and because you will surely like to know what the characteristics of each species of moss In the following points we are going to make a brief atlas of the most common ones. It is often used as an egg-laying site for many fish, including the killifish.
If you want to create a wall of Aquarium Moss in your tank, Weeping Moss is your best choice. I. trimming And Cutting of Aquarium Mosses. PEACOCKBuy Taxiphyllum "Peacock Moss". Then Riccia can also be a fast-growing plant. Taste is in variety and it is clear that moss choice for our aquarium it is a totally personal decision.
They are also great for regulating the nitrite levels in the tank, in case you have fish species that generate a lot of biochemical waste.